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    • 专利摘要:
    Hip joint prosthesis with reduction of effort and angle of anteversion in the femoral head. System d € hip joint prosthesis with reduction of effort and angle of anteversion of the femoral head constituted by a femoral piece (1) whose upper part is flush in the resection of the head of the femur bone (4) and houses in its interior a piece of cup (8) which in turn allows the rotation of a spherical head (9) that is attached to a connection piece (11) fixed by rotation on a piece-acetabulum (16) implanted in turn on the pelvic bone (14) (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2563877A1
    申请号:ES201500939
    申请日:2015-12-31
    公开日:2016-03-16
    发明作者:Carlos González Bravo；Loreto BARRIOS RODRÍGUEZ
    申请人:Carlos González Bravo；Loreto BARRIOS RODRÍGUEZ；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     2 DESCRIPTION Hip joint prosthesis with effort reduction and anteversion angle in the femoral head. 5 Sector of the technique The present invention fits in the sector orthopedic and traumatological surgery of a prosthetic nature in the hip joint. 10 STATE OF THE PRIOR ART Total Hip Arthroplasty or replacement of the joint with a complete hip prosthesis has been a solution for decades for acute hip joint problems in patients of a certain age (over 65 years). However, this surgical technique has been used for some time in younger and younger patients that require a more complete analysis from the point of view of durability and mobility. The prior art is based on the resection of the femoral head and neck 20 for the insertion of a broken metalized stem that guides the artificial spherical head (metallic or ceramic) towards the acetabulum of the pelvis, where it is collected in a hemisphere which makes artificial acetabulum. In this way we try to recover the geometry and biomechanics of the hip. 25 Well, in the most current state of the art different variants of these elements are covered, from the point of view of using different materials to lengths of stem, neck and artificial femoral head. The following documents show the state of the technique: 30 In patent ES-2395874 T3 with priority date 30.09.2005 that we will call D01, it refers to a generic prosthesis system, which when applied to the hip, would be in the form and set of the above. In the ES-2326632 T3 patent with priority date 05.08.2002, which we will call 35 D02, a femoral prosthesis system is proposed that attempts to recover a geometry similar to the human hip as described above. In patent ES-2369204 T3 with priority date 16.11.2001, which we will call D03, it refers to a prosthetic dome, which in the case of the hip would be applied to the area of the 40 acetabulum. In the ES-2139603 T3 patent with priority date 23.07.1991, which we will call D04, it refers to a hip prosthesis of the same characteristics to those marketed today, if it is more invasive by the lateral screwing of the diaphysis prosthesis 45 of the femur. In the ES-2064615 T3 patent with priority date 08.02.89, which we will call D05, it refers to a hip prosthesis of the same characteristics as those indicated above. fifty3 Next, and due to the importance it has, we will briefly indicate the problem in which Total Hip Arthroplasty is centered and its durability. At present, and as we have described in documents D01 to D05, the femoral head is collected in a dome that replaces the natural acetabulum and where most of the problems are concentrated, in this type of prosthesis, facing its good Performance and durability. These problems fall within the sphere of friction torque and wear between contact surfaces, head-cup, with combinations of 10 different materials on the market and with hard-hard and hard-soft friction pairs, the latter being the most widespread and in which an artificial metal or ceramic femoral head and a cup in the acetabulum of plastic or polymeric material, generally a polyethylene, are used. 15 As a consequence of the mentioned wear, there is an emission or formation of particles that are not processed by the human body and that becomes known as "particle disease" consisting of the loss of bone mass in the contact areas between the prosthesis and bone (peri-prosthetic areas), generating loosening, breakage and / or total failure of the prosthesis. In addition, the failure of the hip prosthesis in the current state of the art is due, among others, to the following factors: 1. The materials used in the friction torque and the roughness thereof. 25 2. The geometry of the prosthesis, in which a high distance (offset), between the axis of the femoral head and the axis of the prosthesis stem increases wear. 3. The declination angle or anteversion angle of the femoral head and its relationship with the covering angle (Wiberg angle) of the acetabulum. 4. Flexural stresses in the proximal area of the femur as a result of the lever arm formed between this point and the pivot point of the hip. 35 5. The problems associated with the implantation of prostheses in the operating room by surgeons, given that many of the failures of the hip prostheses result from an incorrect placement of these, with the consequent increase in tensions, wear and fatigue of the materials. The difference between the closest prior art and the claimed invention is shown below, providing a brief statement of the problem that is solved. All the inventions shown reflect a geometry and shape known at present for Total Hip Arthroplasty, consisting of a broken stem introduced into the femoral cavity, after resection of the bone head. The stems, in spite of the new materials used, have a way of unloading the tensions and loads coming from the hip, by means of a cantilever structure, which concentrates the efforts in the junction zone of the prosthesis with the femoral bone, 50 causing suffering at this point and generating stem sections with thicknesses that4 make the necessary emptying in the femoral cavity considerable. In addition, in this prior art system, the reaction in the hip coincides with the fatigue produced by the femoral head in its rotation against the artificial acetabulum placed there. That is to say, stress and wear are concentrated in the acetabulum zone, this being the most sensitive point to failure due to "particle disease" 5 In the present invention a hip prosthesis system is proposed that uses another form of Distribute loads differently than the current prostheses do today. Said geometry change has several fundamental advantages. 10 On the one hand it consists of the physical separation of the reaction point of the hip with the area of wear production of particles. This results in a separation of the friction zone, with respect to the anchoring of the artificial acetabulum piece to the pelvic bone. The direct consequence is a minimization of bone loss in that area and therefore a greater durability of the prosthesis. In addition, the artificial acetabulum of the prosthesis 15 is literally embedded in the pelvic bone, whereby the spherical rotation of the hip moves to the proximal area of the femur. In this way the load of the hip is being arranged directly on the diaphyseal axis, eliminating the bending moment in the femoral head. 20 Another advantage is that there is no longer the possibility that the femoral head protrudes from the acetabulum, so that the friction of the faces in contact is controlled by the specific design proposed here. As a consequence of this design, the anteversion angle of the femoral neck with respect to the acetabulum is corrected and reduced. 25 Finally, the anteversion angle itself, thanks to the claimed rotating adaptation design, is customizable for the patient, being fixed in the operating room or in the previous study of prosthesis implantation. Explanation of the Invention 30 The present invention consists of a hip prosthesis system composed of the following fundamental parts: A femur piece of metallic or polymeric material, composed of a hollow hemispherical upper area 35 whose inner and outer diameter can have different measures depending on the characteristics of the patient and load to bear, and that has its equator flush with the plane of cut practiced in the femoral neck. To the hollow hemisphere, on the underside, a rod, straight or curved, of any section, joined in the femoral cavity in the direction and with the same inclination as the diaphyseal axis of the bone. Inside the semi-spherical upper part of the femur piece fits a cup piece of polymeric, ceramic or metallic material, in a concentric position and with the same hemispherical shape and with the characteristics existing in the market in terms of 45 sizes and materials This element serves as a separator between the hemispherical area of the femur piece and the spherical head of rotation of the hip, of metallic or ceramic material with any diameter and that is composed of a sphere that fits into the piece of cup, both of which are elements that constitute the friction torque of the joint. fifty5 Technical advantage. With this configuration, the point of rotation and friction has been shifted from the hip acetabulum to the proximal area of the femur and the hip load has been aligned with the diaphyseal axis of the bone. Therefore the moment of flexion in the head of the femur is eliminated and the compressive effort of the rod of the piece, inside the femoral cavity, is optimized. This translates into an optimal 5 dimensioning of said stem, both in length and in section that makes it less invasive inside the bone. This configuration constitutes an effective working solution between the cortical area of the femur and the prosthesis, which through the stem transmits the loads coming from the upper part of the human body through the spine, towards the lower extremities. On the other hand, and more importantly, with 10 this configuration, the friction torque can be moved away, either hard-hard (metallic or ceramic head / metal or ceramic cup) or hard-soft (metal or ceramic head / polymer cup), from the area of the acetabulum of the pelvis and with it the possible formation of particles in the pelvic area which, on the other hand, is the most sensitive to osteolysis of the bone and its degradation (failure of the conventional prosthesis). As is known, the proximal area of the prosthetic femur is less likely to suffer from "particle disease", since the contact zone between the hollow hemispherical area and the bone is sealed. On the other hand, since there is no flexion in the head, there will also be no tendency to loosen the opening of the femoral cavity. Finally, thanks to this structural arrangement, the joint tensions are reduced, a fact that favors spherical rotation with less wear on the part of the pieces and therefore, with a lower emission of particles. Inserted into the spherical head is a connecting piece of metallic material, which joins the spherical head with a piece-acetabulum fixed in the pelvic bone. Said connecting element is constituted by a structural arm of any section, which in one of its ends fits in the rotation sphere, by means of a radial opening thereto, and in the other it is jointly and severally connected to a plate of hemispherical sector with cross shape of any thickness. The connecting piece can rotate (for its correct alignment with the femur piece) on a piece-acetabulum, of metallic material, with any hemispherical shape and any thickness, attached to the pelvic bone and on which it rotates in parallel, thanks to two perforations cylindrical practiced in the upper and lower ends of the hemispherical plate and two cylindrical projections, belonging to the acetabulum piece. In the arms of the cross of the hemispherical plate there are two cylindrical perforations in which the screws that will leave the connection piece fixed to the acetabulum piece are introduced. This acetabulum piece has several perforations which, according to the chosen angle of rotation position, will coincide with the perforations of the arms of the cross of the hemispherical plate and allow the alignment, according to the needs of the biomechanics of the patient, of the connection piece with the femur piece. 40 Technical advantage: Being able to align the acetabulum piece with the femur piece guarantees a correct distribution of the tensions in the rotation sphere and in the cup piece with minimum wear. The reduction of the anteversion angle minimizes dysplasia problems associated with hip diseases and prevents dislocations of the hip joint. This also constitutes a reduction in the problems of hip prosthesis implantation for the orthopedic and traumatological surgeon by facilitating the fixation and alignment maneuvers of the prosthetic components associated with the different bone areas. Finally, the artificial acetabulum attached to the pelvis (stiffer element of the joint assembly) constitutes a fixed element facing the transmission of tensions, since there is no area of rotation and mobile loads with elements inside. 50 This reduces fatigue on the pelvic bone and improves the transmission of tensions to the6 joint set. Finally, indicate that there is no longer any dependence in terms of wear and tear, on the influence of the Wiberg angle on the acetabulum, the spherical head does not protrude through it. On the other hand, the materials of the different parts and components may be metallic, ceramic, polymeric or any other. Description of the content of the drawings The following is a description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of the hip prosthesis system, for the best understanding of which is camped out of drawings given merely by way of non-limiting example, and from a glossary of references on them. Glossary of references 15 (1) Femoral piece; (2) Upper area of femoral piece; 20 (3) Cutting plane of the proximal area of the femur; (4) Femur bone; (5) Femoral piece stem; 25 (6) Femoral cavity; (7) Diaphyseal axis; 30 (8) Cup piece; (9) Spherical rotation head; (10) Radial perforation in part (9) to accommodate the end of the structural arm (12); 35 (11) Connection piece; (12) Structural arm of connecting piece (13); 40 (13) Structural nerve of the structural arm (12); (14) Pelvic bone; (15) Sheet in the shape of a hemispherical sector that forms part of the connection element (11); (16) Acetabulum piece fixed to the pelvic bone; (17) Perforations in element (15); fifty7 (18) Perforations in arms of the element cross (15) to accommodate fixing screws; (19) Part-acetabulum projections (16) entering the perforations (17) of the element (15); 5 (20) Drills in the piece-acetabulum (16) for fixing part (11); (21) Workpiece fixing bolt (11) with the acetabulum part (16) 10 (22) Rotation axis between connecting part (11) and acetabulum part (16); Brief description of the figures Figure 1 shows a section of the prosthesis and the femur and hip bones. 15 Figure 2 shows the same section above with the different elements disassembled to facilitate the understanding of the set. Figure 3 shows a top view where you can see the section of the area of the acetabulum of the pelvic bone with the acetabulum piece (16) sectioned and with the connection piece (11) fixed on the previous one. Figure 4 shows a rear view of the prosthesis with the elements before assembly. 25 Figure 5 shows a rear view of the prosthesis with the elements after assembly. Figure 6 shows a view, from another angle different from Figure 4, of the prosthesis with the elements before assembly. Figure 7 shows a view, from another angle different from Figure 5, of the prosthesis with the elements after assembly. 35 Figure 8 shows different views of the connection piece (11). Figure 9 shows two perspective views of the connection piece (11) assembled inside the part (16). Detailed description gives a preferred embodiment of the Invention As can be seen in the figures, the invention consists of a hip prosthesis system, composed of a femoral piece (1) whose upper area has a hollow hemispherical shape (2) whose equator it is flush with the cutting plane (3) made in the resection of the proximal end of the femur (4) and whose lower area is composed of a straight or curved rod (5) housed in the femoral cavity (6) along the diaphyseal axis of the bone (7). A cup piece (8) with a hollow hemispherical shape, is concentrically located within the upper hemispherical zone (2) of the femoral piece (1).8 A piece with a solid hemispherical shape forms the spherical rotation head (9) of the joint whose surface has a radially perforated hole (10). A connecting piece (11) composed of a structural arm (12) in whose lower part has a stiffening rib (13), serves as a transmission of stress between the pelvic bone 5 (14) and the head of the femur (4). Both the structural arm (12) and the stiffening rib (13) are embedded in a sheet (15) in the shape of a spherical and cross sector. Thanks to its described shape, the connecting piece (11) can rotate in parallel by means of an axis, with respect to the acetabulum piece (16) thanks to two perforations (17) aligned with each other and placed on the top and bottom of the sheet (fifteen). In the 10 arms of the cross, the sheet (15) has perforations (18) for its definitive positioning and fixation on the acetabulum piece (16) on which it can rotate in parallel to facilitate said positioning. 15 The hollow hemispherical piece (16) with a hollow hemispherical shape is fixed on the pelvic bone (14) in a cemented or non-cemented shape and has two projections (19) in the upper part at the bottom of the same that coincide with the perforations (17) of the sheet (15), thus constituting the axis of rotation (22) of the connection pieces (11) with the acetabulum part (16). In addition, in the acetabulum piece (16) it has perforations (20) in the rear part of the hollow hemisphere by which the spherical cross-shaped sector (15) is mechanically fixed with screws (21) with the acetabulum part (16) in the definitive alignment between the pelvic bone (14) and the femoral part (1). 
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    9 CLAIMS 1. Hip joint prosthesis system with reduction of effort and anteversion angle of the femoral head consisting of a femoral piece (1) whose upper part is flush in the resection of the proximal area of the femoral bone (4) and 5 it houses inside a cup piece (8) which in turn allows the rotation of a spherical head (9) that is attached to a connection piece (11) that is aligned with the femoral piece by turning on a piece-acetabulum (16) implanted in turn on the pelvic bone (14), characterized in that it comprises: 10 - A femoral piece (1) made of metallized material, which is inserted longitudinally into the femur and contains: - A hemispherical shaped area hollow (2) of any thickness, located in the upper part of the femoral piece, which is flush with the inclined plane 15 (3) resulting from the resection carried out in the proximal area of the bone; - A straight or curved stem (5), of any section, joined at the bottom to the hollow hemispherical piece (2) and which is housed in the femoral cavity (6) in the direction of the diaphyseal axis (7); 20 - A cup piece (8) made of polymeric, ceramic or metallic material, which fits inside the hollow hemispherical area (2) of the femoral piece. - A spherical head (9) made of metallic or ceramic material of any diameter, which fits into the cup piece (8) and contains: - A radial direction perforation on the surface for the insertion of a structural arm (12) ; 30 - A connection piece (11) made of metallized material, attached to the piece-acetabulum (16) on which it can rotate, by means of a rotation axis (22), for its final alignment with the femoral piece (1) and that It contains: - A structural arm (12) of any section, one of the ends of which is inserted into the spherical head (9), the other being integrally joined to a spherical cross-shaped sector (15); - A stiffening rib (13) of any section, placed under the structural arm (12) following its trajectory; 40 - A sheet shaped like a spherical sector (15) of any thickness, to which both the structural arm (12) and the stiffening rib (13) attack and which has cylindrical perforations (18) in the arms of the cross and Cylindrical perforations (17) in the upper and lower part of the sheet. 45 - A piece-acetabulum (16) made of metallized material, with a hollow hemispherical shape and material and any thickness, fixed on the pelvic bone (9) in an integral way and containing: 5010 - Two cylindrical projections (19) in the upper and interior part of the interior of the hemisphere, which fit into the upper and lower cylindrical perforations (17) of the plate in the shape of a hemispherical sector (15); - A series of cylindrical perforations in the hollow hemispherical part (20) where the final alignment of the connecting part (11) with the acetabulum-part (16) can be mechanically fixed with screws (21);
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2563877B1|2016-12-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2063714A1|1993-02-02|1995-01-01|Lima Spa|Hip joint with self-adjusting insert coupled to femur head|
    ES2301618T3|2001-01-25|2008-07-01|SMITH & NEPHEW, INC.|CONTAINMENT SYSTEM TO RESTRICT A PROTESTIC COMPONENT.|
    ES2339004T3|2002-09-13|2010-05-14|SMITH & NEPHEW, INC.|PROSTHESIS.|
    WO2011005184A1|2009-07-10|2011-01-13|Milux Holding S.A.|Hip joint device|
    ES2553392T3|2009-07-10|2015-12-09|Kirk Promotion Ltd.|Hip joint device|
    US20130261761A1|2012-03-30|2013-10-03|Dustin R. Whitaker|Mobile bearing hip assembly having decoupled motion along multiple axes|
    US20150025647A1|2013-07-16|2015-01-22|Howmedica Osteonics Corp.|Dual mobility hip replacement system|
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    ES201500939A|ES2563877B1|2015-12-31|2015-12-31|Joint hip prosthesis with reduced effort and anteversion angle in the femoral head|ES201500939A| ES2563877B1|2015-12-31|2015-12-31|Joint hip prosthesis with reduced effort and anteversion angle in the femoral head|
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